Brain inflammation, also known as neuroinflammation, refers to the activation of the immune response in the brain in response to injury, infection, or disease. This inflammatory response involves the activation of immune cells and the release of various inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines and chemokines, which can contribute to tissue damage and impair brain function. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in a wide range of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Research in this area aims to understand the mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation, its role in disease progression, and develop potential therapeutic strategies to dampen the inflammatory response and protect brain health.